Chapter 16

 

 

There are many physical characteristics that make us different from other people. Our hair color, our skin color, eye´s color and many other physical characteristics helps us to differentiate who we are. The word gender refers to the sex of an individual, either male or female. Gender is a biological trait that is fixed by genes before birth. Not only physical characteristics differs us, but also emotional. The stereotypes between males and females varies over culture but you can see a certain kind of likelihood in between them.

 

One important aspects of gender, is the idea of gender roles. Gender roles is widely accepted societal expectations about how males and females should behave. For example: girls have to play with dolls, wear dresses, be lady- like, always clean and always nice. While boys should should play with trucks and cars, be rude and tough, it is expected that they get dirty, and be always into spats. Masculine and feminine behavior in a particular culture. Gender Stereotypes are the genders roles and “rules” that can become so rigid that they develop into stereotypes, just like the examples above.  The typical masculine gender stereotype is perceived as competitive, independent, tough, protective, logical, and competent at business. The feminine gender stereotypes is seen as warm, emotional, dependent, gentle, helpful, mild, patient, submissive and interest in the arts.

 

Several physical difference between the sexes are usually apparent because males and females differ in both primarily and secondary sex characteristic primary sex characteristics refers to find organs of the reproductive system. Women have ovaries and then men have testes. Secondary sex characteristics include such traits as deeper voice and greater amount of facial hair in men and in women. These traits are controlled by sex hormones which, in turn, are determine in personality and behavior. Many notable gender difference are found in both personality and behavior. Many notable gender difference are found in both personalities a behavior. Woman are more nurturance, affection care and attention. Men in the other hand tend to exceed women in such traits as assertiveness and toughest. Gender typing is the gender role development. Research demonstrate that is 2 years old children have begun to develop ideas about trait and behavior they consider characteristics of male and females. The biological view of genders typing focus on the impact of such factors as genes and hormones the development of gender related behavior.

 

Many things differs females, but it is obvious that difference is not only physical, but emotional and psychological. We are divided into 2 genders, males and females and many people act to the stereotype they fit in. The feminine gender stereotypes is seen as warm, emotional, dependent, gentle, helpful, mild, patient, submissive and interest in the arts. The typical masculine gender stereotype is perceived as competitive, independent, tough, protective, logical, and competent at business

Chapter 15

 

 

Psychologists work to test and measure your abilities, feelings, attitudes, and behavior. The way a person reacts or behave during a test, might help the psychologist know what is wrong and what is awaiting the patient in the future. The test psychologist give to people might help them make important decisions in their life or help them improve their way of living. Modern psychologist have been using various type of psychological test for about 100 years. Some psychologists test measure behavior directly by means of behavior/rating scales.

 

Some psychologist test measure behavior directly: to do so they use the behavior rating scale. For a psychological test to be useful and reasonably accurate it hast to have certain characteristics and a positive behavior. It has to be standardized, it has to show reliability and validity, and it has to have norms for scoring.  They also have the standardized test is one that is administered and scored the same was every time. Another test is the achievement test. This type of test measure people skills and the knowledge they have in specific academic areas. The last test they give is aptitude test. The aptitude test are generally used to determine whether a person is likely to do well in a given field of work or study. Includes standards, guidelines, test for professional use, online tests for self-knowledge, and a glossary of psychological testing terms. Learn more about different psychological tests such as intelligence tests, aptitude tests, and personality tests. Read profiles of specific testing instruments such as the MMPI, WISC, Stanford-Binet, and many more. Find information on testing issues such as validity, reliability, and test use.

 

After the aptitude test is given. Psychological have the vocational interest invention; which help people determine whether their interests are similar to those of people in various lines of work. Objective test presents test takes with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire. In this test they include MMPI and CPI. The projective test have no clearly specific answers. This include the Rorschach ink blot test and the TAT. The Rorschach inkblot test is a type of projective psychological test created in 1921 by Hermann Rorschach. Used to analyze personality and emotional functioning, it is the second most commonly used forensic test after the MMPI. A 1995 survey 412 clinical psychologists in the American Psychological Association revealed that 82% used the Rorschach inkblot test at least occasionally .critics note that the test's poor validity means that it is unable to accurately identify most psychological disorders. However, the test has shown to be effective in the diagnosis of illnesses characterized by distorted thinking, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

 

Many psychologists use the test, for many things like measuring an IQ, or to simply find your characteristics and your personality. For taking a test there are tips like gathers information practice, and be test wise. To help you calm your anxiety problems. You can be prepared over learn, and think helpful thoughts. The test psychologist give to people might help them make important decisions in their life or help them improve their way of living.